{"id":2981,"date":"2021-11-14T14:52:55","date_gmt":"2021-11-14T10:22:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wikimahdaviat.ir\/?post_type=content&p=2981"},"modified":"2022-12-13T00:02:08","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T19:32:08","slug":"jazirah-al-kha%e1%b8%8dra%ca%bc-green-island-mahdi-emam-zaman","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/wikimahdaviat.ir\/en\/content\/maaref-mahdism\/jazirah-al-kha%e1%b8%8dra%ca%bc-green-island-mahdi-emam-zaman\/","title":{"rendered":"Jaz\u012brah al-kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc (Green Island)"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_custom_heading text=\"Jaz\u012brah al-kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc (Green Island)\" font_container=\"tag:h1 | text_align:left\" use_theme_fonts=\"yes\" content_level=\"1\"][vc_column_text][page_title]\u060c From the comprehensive virtual encyclopedia of Wiki Mahdism[\/vc_column_text]

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One of the raised questions for the Twelver Shias, who believe in the living and disappeared Imam is about the residing place of Imam Mahdi (p. b. u. h) during the Major Occultation. In response to such a question, some put forward a suggestion i. e. \"Kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc Island\" as the place of residence of the Imam (p. b. u. h). The main reason for the believers in this idea is the stories traced to some unknown sources and narrators, and later at the Safavid period, for the first time, the story of kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc Island<\/em> was mentioned in Shiite literature by All\u0101mah Majlis\u012b1<\/a>. After that, the late Muhaddith N\u016br\u012b in his book2<\/a>, along with narrating such anecdotes, has narrated this story and the like.<\/p>\n

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Later on, this story was disputed among the scholars to the extent that some considered it accurate and others based on various reasons considered it fiction. This paper through investigation of the issue, states the reasons of the proponents and the opponents.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=\"Different remarks on the existence or non-existence of Kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc Island\" font_container=\"tag:h2 | text_align:left\" use_theme_fonts=\"yes\" content_level=\"1\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Some believe that, according to some narrations, the island of Kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc exists; But its locus is unknown.<\/li>\n
  2. Others claim that the island conforms to the Bermuda Triangle because of some reasons.<\/li>\n
  3. Another group has refuted the second choice because in common with the Bermuda Triangle, similar events have occurred in other parts of the world. Also due to other reasons, the conformity of Kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc Island to the Bermuda Triangle is not correct.<\/li>\n
  4. Others have strongly rejected the existence of Jaz\u012brah al-kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc (Green Island) and have disproved all the narrations and anecdotes that have been said about the Green Island. 3<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=\"Types of narrations respecting the story of Jaz\u012brah al-kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc\" font_container=\"tag:h2 | text_align:left\" use_theme_fonts=\"yes\" content_level=\"1\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

    There are only two reports in Shiite narrations about the issue of the Green Island:<\/p>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

    a<\/strong>) An occurrence that happened to Zayn al-\u02c8\u0100bid\u012bn Ali b. F\u0101\u1e0dil M\u0101zandar\u0101n\u012b on the eleventh of Shaww\u0101l 691 A. H. (October 2nd<\/sup>, 1292 A. D. ), and he narrated it in the city of Najaf on the fifteenth of Sha'b\u0101n 699 A. H. (May 14th<\/sup>, 1300 A. D. ) for Fa\u1e0dl b. Ya\u1e25y\u0101 Tayyib\u012b and of course, Fa\u1e0dl b. Ya\u1e25y\u0101, earlier had heard the story through two others, Shams al-Din Naj\u012bh Hill\u012b and Jal\u0101l al-Din \u02c8Abd al-Din Haw\u0101m Hill\u012b. However, Fa\u1e0dl b. Ya\u1e25y\u0101, after listening to this event, wrote it down, and it became a treatise that was in the interest of Shiite scholars. Sheikh \u0100q\u0101 Bozorg Tehrani4<\/a> has also attributed the original text of this treatise, which is in Arabic translated to Persian, to Muhaqqiq Karak\u012b5<\/a> (d. 940 A. H. \/ 1533 A. D. ) and some to M\u012br Shams al-Din Muhammad b. Asadullah Sh\u016bshtar\u012b.<\/p>\n

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    A brief account of the story is as follows:<\/strong><\/p>\n

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    Zayn al-\u02c8\u0100bid\u012bn traveled to Egypt along with one of his Hanafi masters, and from there they went to Andalusia and its islands. During the trip, he heard the name \"Islands of Al-R\u0101fi\u1e0dah6<\/a>\" \u200b\u200bfrom the people and decided to travel there. After three days of travel, he reached islands with strong towers and castles. He realized that all inhabitants there were Shias. He asked them, \"Where does your sustenance come from?\" \"From kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc Island, in the White Sea, where is the residence of the children of Imam Mahdi (p. b. u. h), and to journey there it takes four months. \" They responded to him. He became fond of traveling there, so he made a sound decision to go to the Island with a caravan that would take sustenance for the residents of that region. After reaching the Island, he found it very beautiful and lush. There he met a person named Sayyid Shams al-D\u012bn Muhammad \u02c8\u0100lim, who introduced himself as the special deputy of Imam Mahdi (p. b. u. h). People around Sayyid Shams al-D\u012bn introduced him as a descendant of Imam Mahdi (p. b. u. h). Then Zayn al-\u02c8\u0100bid\u012bn exchanged some dialogues, questions and answers with Sayyid Shams al-D\u012bn. 7<\/a><\/p>\n

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    b<\/strong>) In another story that reported by Muhaddith N\u016br\u012b in his book titled Jannat al-Ma\u02bcw\u0101, the same things happened to a person by the name of Kam\u0101l al-Din Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Ya\u1e25y\u0101 Anb\u0101r\u012b in 543 A. H. \/ 1148 A. D.<\/p>\n

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    Muhaddith N\u016br\u012b relates the story from the book \"Al-Ta'\u0101z\u012b\" written by Shar\u012bf Z\u0101hid Muhammad b. Ali Alaw\u012b8<\/a> and the book \"Al-Sir\u0101\u1e6d al-Mustaq\u012bm Il\u0101 Musta\u1e25agiy al-Taqd\u012bm\" written by Zayn al-Din Bay\u0101\u1e0d\u012b (d. 877 A. H. \/ 1472 A. D. ), and also it has been narrated through Sayyid Ni\u02c8mat Allah Jaz\u0101ir\u012b in \"Al-Anw\u0101r al-Nu'm\u0101niyah\" from Ali b. Fath Allah K\u0101shan\u012b quoted from Shar\u012bf Z\u0101hid Muhammad b. Ali Alaw\u012b. In short, the story quoting from Muhaddith N\u016br\u012b is as follows:<\/p>\n

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    Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Ya\u1e25y\u0101 Anb\u0101r\u012b related: \u201cOne night we were in the house of vizier \u02c8Aown al-Din Ya\u1e25y\u0101 b. Hab\u012brah along with a few individuals. In the circle, there was an unknown man whom the minister highly respected. At the end of the meeting, the minister reproached Shias. At this word, the strange person said, \u2018I want to tell you a story. With a group of my compatriots, we set out on a sea voyage from our city called B\u0101hiyah; and after days journeying at sea, we came to islands of which the captain was unaware as well! After inquiring, we realized that the name of the island was \"Mub\u0101rak\" and its king\u2019s name was \"\u1e6c\u0101hir\". We asked about the seat of his governance; they said: \u2018It is a place called \"Z\u0101hirah\" where is ten days and nights by land and twenty-five days by sea and all the people live there are Muslims.<\/p>\n

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    We asked about the vicegerent of the king, \u1e6c\u0101hir. They introduced a righteous man; we went to him; he asked the Jews and Christians to pay Jizyah i. e. ransom (a kind of tax payable by non-Muslims living under the protection of an Islamic government) and announced others as Kh\u0101rijites (the Rebels) whose property was not respected. However, we asked him to introduce us to the Sultan, and he did the same. We set off towards Z\u0101hirah; we found there a beautiful city with a pleasant climate and went to T\u0101hir. He introduced himself as the son of Imam Mahdi (p. b. u. h).<\/p>\n

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    After Z\u0101hirah, there was another city called \"R\u0101qiyah\" whose sultan was a man by the name Q\u0101sim, the son of Imam Mahdi (p. b. u. h) and after that, there was another city called \"\u1e62\u0101f\u012byah\" whose sultan was Ibr\u0101him, another son of Imam Mahdi (p. b. u. h) and after that, there were two other cities called \"\u1e92al\u016bm\" and \"\u02c8An\u0101\u1e6d\u012bs\" whose rulers were \u02c8Abd al-Rahm\u0101n and H\u0101shim, the other sons of Imam Mahdi (p. b. u. h).<\/p>\n

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    Only Shiite people were living in these five mentioned cities. We stayed there for a year\u2026etc. ' When the minister heard this story, he threatened us all not to tell it. \"9<\/a><\/p>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

    The above-mentioned text was a brief report on the historical sources of this story, and also a short description of the contents of the story which we will analyze and critique in the following.<\/p>\n

    [\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=\"Analyzing and critiquing the story\" font_container=\"tag:h2 | text_align:left\" use_theme_fonts=\"yes\" content_level=\"1\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. The narrator of the story, as mentioned at the beginning of this paper, is unknown; hence, not only is the story defective in terms of the chain of narration but also is completely invalid and undocumented however, the story acquired fame in some late books of Shia especially after \u02c8All\u0101mah Majlis\u012b. Such undocumented stories and quotations cannot authenticate the news.<\/li>\n
    2. Zayn al-\u02c8\u0100bid\u012bn Ali b. F\u0101\u1e0dil who is called M\u0101zandar\u0101n\u012b in the story, in another situation calls himself an Iraqi in the same narration, and also in some occasions, he says some boastful words about himself. In addition, the story denotes a unique virtue for him and it indicates that he has achieved a high spiritual status that no one has access to.<\/li>\n
    3. Though among the contemporaries of Zayn al-\u02c8\u0100bid\u012bn Ali b. F\u0101\u1e0dil are some great scholars such as \u02c8All\u0101ma Hill\u012b and Ibn-e D\u0101w\u016bd, none of them have mentioned him in their saying and words. 10<\/a><\/li>\n
    4. Because this event had taken place in the seventh century A. H. , but its first written report and document was given in the eleventh century A. H. , so making a connection for the interval from the eleventh century to the seventh is not provable. In other words, this kind of quotation is terminologically called \"Wij\u0101dah\". 11<\/a><\/li>\n
    5. It is not possible to derive ideological principles from this story.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

      In fact, ideological issues, because of their importance, require credible evidence to prove.<\/p>\n

      [\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Despite the growth and advancement of science and technology, the mentioned island is one of the unknown places that even in recent times and with the expansion of search and exploration facilities, no trace of it has ever been found.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        [\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=\"Conclusion\" font_container=\"tag:h2 | text_align:left\" use_theme_fonts=\"yes\" content_level=\"1\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

        Concerning the contradictions in the text of this story and considering its textual and documental flaws, and due to the absence of this island in the geography of the world, it can be concluded that the story is more like a legend than reality because there is no strong rational and narrative reason improving the story of Green Island.<\/p>\n

        [\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=\"Footnotes\" font_container=\"tag:h2 | text_align:left\" use_theme_fonts=\"yes\" content_level=\"1\"][vc_column_text el_class=\"reflist\"]<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Bih\u0101r al-Anw\u0101r, vol. 52, p. 159.<\/li>\n
        2. Najm al-Th\u0101qib. Chapter 7, story 37.<\/li>\n
        3. Jaz\u012brah al-kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc (Green Island), Sayyed ja\u02c8far Raf\u012b\u02c8\u012b, p. 5.<\/li>\n
        4. Al-Dhar\u012bah Il\u0101 Ta\u1e63\u0101n\u012bf al-Sh\u012ba, vol. 4, p. 93.<\/li>\n
        5. Some researchers do not consider such an ascription to be true because no compiled or translated work into Persian has been reported from Muhaqqiq Karak\u012b; see the article: \"The Story of Jaz\u012brah al-kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc \", by Ras\u016bl Ja\u02c8farian, footnote no. 5.<\/li>\n
        6. Al-R\u0101fi\u1e0dah is a title given to Shias by their opponents.<\/li>\n
        7. See: Bih\u0101r al-Anw\u0101r, vol. 52, pp. 159-174.<\/li>\n
        8. Whereas he is contemporary with Ab\u016b Al-Faraj Nu\u02c8m\u0101n\u012b (D. 356 A. H. ) and Ab\u016b Al-Fa\u1e0dl Shayb\u0101n\u012b(D. 385 A. H. ), how is it possible for him to narrate the story of two centuries later?!<\/li>\n
        9. Jannat al-Ma\u02bcw\u0101, by Muhaddith N\u016br\u012b, 2nd<\/sup>story, pp. 213-220.<\/li>\n
        10. Criticism of Jaz\u012brah al-kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc (Green Island), by sayyed Ja\u02c8far Murt\u1e0d\u0101, translated by Muhammad Sepehr\u012b, p. 186.<\/li>\n
        11. A type of narration of past manuscripts without any authentic narration or well-known narrator.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          [\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=\"References\" font_container=\"tag:h2 | text_align:left\" use_theme_fonts=\"yes\" content_level=\"1\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Sal\u012bmy\u0101n, Khod\u0101mor\u0101d, The Lexicon of Mahdism<\/em>, Qom, Promised Mahdi Cultural Foundation, 2008.<\/li>\n
          2. Shoushtar\u012b, Mohammad Taq\u012band others, Khazra Island, myth or reality<\/em>, Abolfa\u1e0dl Tariqed\u0101r, Qom, Boostan-e Ket\u0101b, 2001.<\/li>\n
          3. Raf\u012b\u02c8\u012b, Seyed Jafar, kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc Island<\/em>, Qom, Y\u0101r\u0101n-e Q\u0101\u02c8im Publications, 2001.<\/li>\n
          4. Muhammadi Rey Shahr\u012b, Muhammad, Encyclopedia of Imam Mahdi<\/em> (p. b. u. h), Qom, Dar al-Hadith Scientific and Cultural Institute, 2014.<\/li>\n
          5. Muhaddith N\u016br\u012b, Mirza Hussein, Jannah al-Ma\u2019w\u0101<\/em>, Qom, Anw\u0101r al-Hud\u0101 Institute, 2006.<\/li>\n
          6. Majlis\u012b, Muhammad B\u0101qir, Bih\u0101r al-Anw\u0101r<\/em>, Qom, Islamic Publications, 1985.<\/li>\n
          7. Morteza \u02c8\u0100mel\u012b, Seyed Jafar, Khazra Island in the balance of criticism<\/em>, translated by Muhammad Sepehr\u012b, Qom, Publishing Center of Islamic Propaganda Office, 1998.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            [\/vc_column_text][vc_custom_heading text=\"Sources\" font_container=\"tag:h2 | text_align:left\" use_theme_fonts=\"yes\" content_level=\"1\"][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Encyclopedia of Imam Mahdi (p. b. u. h) based on the Quran, Hadith, and History<\/em>, vol. 3, p. 70.<\/li>\n
            2. The Lexicon of Mahdism<\/em>, by Khod\u0101mor\u0101d Sal\u012bmy\u0101n,Qom, The publications of the Promised Mahdi Cultural Foundation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              One of the raised questions for the Twelver Shias, who believe in the living and disappeared Imam is about the residing place of Imam Mahdi (p.b.u.h) during the Major Occultation. In response to such a question, some put forward a suggestion i.e. “Kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc Island” as the place of residence of the Imam (p.b.u.h). The main reason for the believers in this idea is the stories traced to some unknown sources and narrators, and later at the Safavid period, for the first time, the story of kha\u1e0dr\u0101\u02bc Island<\/em> was mentioned in Shiite literature by All\u0101mah Majlis\u012b. After that, the late Muhaddith N\u016br\u012b in his book, along with narrating such anecdotes, has narrated this story and the like.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2981","content","type-content","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","content_letter-letter-j","content_category-maaref-mahdism","content_category-mahdavi-places","content_category-445"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wikimahdaviat.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/2981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wikimahdaviat.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wikimahdaviat.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wikimahdaviat.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wikimahdaviat.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2981"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wikimahdaviat.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/2981\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wikimahdaviat.ir\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}